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ضرورت نوسازي آسانسورهاي قديمي

ارسال در تاریخ 21 مرداد 1393 00:00

آسانسور تنها وسيله رفت و آمد ترافيکي است که مورد استفاده تمامي گروه سني قرار مي گيرد و عمومي ترين وسيله جابجائي عمودي در جهان است.

با نگاهي گذا به وضعيت آسانسورهاي منصوبه در کشور، اين نکته به خوبي مشهود مي شود که بيشتر از 3/1 آسانسورهاي کشور داراي عمر بيش از 25 سال مي باشند.

از طرف ديگر؛نظر به اين که لوازم و قطعات مورد استفاده در آسانسورداراي عمر مفيد مخصوصي مي باشند.بديهي است در صورت استفاده از بهترين و مدرن ترين قطعات ،حتي با داشتن بهترين برنامه سرويس و نگهداري،تجهيزات از شرايط مطلوب خارج شده و عمر مفيد آنها به اتمام مي رسد.حال اگر نداشتن برنامه راهبري سرويس و نگهداري براي بسياري از آسانسورهاي کشور و يا برنامه سرويس و نگهداري غير اصولي و مهمتر از همه عدم آشنائي بسياري از افراد و شرکتهاي نسل سوم با سيستم هاي قديمي کار شده در 25 سال پيش را هم به موارد فوق اضافه کنيم به راحتي به وضعيت بغرنج آسانسورهاي قديمي کشور پي مي بريم.

با توجه به اينکه آسانسور يکي لوازم گران قيمتي مي باشند که در ساختمان ها نصب مي شود لذا تعويض آن(هم از نظر اجرائي و هم از نظر اقتصادي) به راحتي امکان پذير نيست. پس بهينه سازي و مدرنيزاسيون مي تواند در اين زمينه کار ساز شده و به احياء ارزش بيانجامد.

مدرنيزاسيون مي تواند ارزش ساختمان شما را با لا ببرد و باعث ايجاد انگيزه هاي جديدي گردد.آيا شما مي دانيد که زمان آن فرا رسيده است يا نه؟

1- تضمين امنيت و آسايش

آسانسور از معدود وسائل نقيله اي مي باشد که فرمان دادن به آن در اختيار مسافر است و کنترل و توقف آن توسط يک سيستم انجام مي شود و مسافر هيچ نقشي در توقف آن ندارد.لذا بايد ايمن،کارا و مطمئن باشد.

آسانسورهاي قديمي از نظر ظاهري فاقد زيبائي و آرامش و از نظر فني فاقد ايمني مي باشند.مدرنيزاسيون مي تواند اين امکان را به ساختمان هاي موجود بدهد که از همان امکانات موجود، نتايج بهتري در راستاي ايمني و سلامتي فوق العاده بهره مند شوند و اين مي تواند هزينه مدرنيزاسيون را توجيه کند.

يک آسانسور کامل بايد سه قابليت مهم داشته باشد: ايمني (تنظيم پارامترهاي کنترلي داراي تاييديه هاي تست هاي نمونه) قابليت اطمينان (طراحي مهندسي در انتخاب و ساخت قطعات و تجهيزات مطابق با استانداردهاي EN-81 و مقررات ملي ساختمان )نحوه عملکرد ( چگونگي نصب و مونتاژ قطعات، جهت راحتي و زيبائي )

بازسازي باعث مي شود بدون تغييرات وسيع و گسترده سيستم آسانسور،آنها را با مدرن ترين تجهيزات روز مجهز کرده و آرامش،آسايش،زيبائي و راحتي را هديه بگيريد.

2- مديريت زمان و سرمايه

ممکن است تصميم در مورد اينکه کدام روش مدرنيزاسيون بهترين احساس را در شما بوجود خواهد آورد مشکل باشد.واقيعت اين است که هر کدام از روش هاي فوايد خاص خودشان را دارند.

يک فايده عمومي که همه روش هاي مدرنيزاسيون داراي آن هستند اين است که اين روش ها زمان پاسخ دهي را کاهش مي دهند.تجهيزات در حال حرکت بطور موثري زودتر رفت و آمد مي کنند و درب ها به سرعت باز و بسته مي شود.زمان حرکت کاهش مي يابد.

تجهيزات بهينه شده سيستم هاي کنترل، اين مسئله را نويد مي دهند که افراد زمان کمتري را صرف انتظار خواهند کرد.هر پيشرفتي ثانيه هاي بيشتري را از تلف شدن نجات مي دهند.

تصور کنيد کارمندان اداره اي در دو شيفت از 8 صبح تا نيمه شب در تمام روزهاي هفته کار مي کنند.3 دستگاه آسانسور در شرکت مذکور وجود دارد.آسانسورهاي موجود بطور متوسط 5400 توقف در هر روز خواهد داشت.در حاليکه بطور متوسط براي هر توقف2/1 نفر در حالت انتظار باشند متوسط زمان انتظار در هر توقف برابر 6/31 ثاينه است.آسانسور هاي به روز شده زمان آن را در حدود 40%کاهش مي دهند.

در اين سناريو، مقدار زماني که معمولا صرف انتظار براي رسيدن آسانسور مي شود در هر سال مقدار 20701 ساعت کاري تقريب زده مي شود.40%کاهش در زمان انتظار مي تواند باعث صرفه جوئي در حدود 6365/123 دلار تنها در مورد زمان کاري شود(بر اي اين مبنا که مزد هر ساعت کاري در حدود 15$ در نظر گرفته شده است)بهبود کيفيت کاري مي تواند به بازگشت سريع سرمايه در مورد مدرنيزاسيون کمک کند.

بعد از نوسازي	قبل از نوسازي
7نفر	7نفر	ظرفيت هر آسانسور
16 ساعت	16 ساعت	مدت زمان فعاليت در يک روز
7 روز	7 روز	زمان فعاليت در هفته
3 دستگاه	3 دستگاه	تعداد آسانسورها
800/1	800/1	ميانگين توقف ها در هفته
2/1	2/1	ميانگين بارگيري در هر توقف براي هر آسانسور
02/19	60/31	ميانگين انتظار در هر توقف(در يک ثانيه)
40%		درصد کاهش در زمان انتظار در هر توقف بعد ار بازسازي
462/12	704/704/20	کل زمان گذرانده شده براي انتظار در هر آسانسور در يک سال
15 دلار		مانيگين نرخ يک ساعت کاري
636/123 دلار		ميزان پول صرفه جوئي شده پس از مدرنيزاسيون در يک سال

3- اعتبار تجديد شده

بررسي ميزان اعتبار، يک ارزش بسيار آشکار براي تعيين ميزان نياز به مدرنيزاسيون کردن مي باشد. علاقمندي به تجديد اعتبار هرگز به معني تجمل طلبي نمي باشد بلکه روشي براي افزايش بازدهي شرکت مي باشد.

ميزان اعتبار هر شرکت و مدير آن به چندين عوامل بستگي دارد که يکي از آنها آسانسور ها و پله هاي برقي مي باشد. خرابي و از کار افتادگي مکرر آسانسور ها و پله هاي برقي ها حتي به مدت کوتاه شما را در معرض يک محکوميت شديد قرار خواهد داد.فراتر از موضوع زحمت ايجاد شده، ظهور مکرر علامت "خارج از سرويس" باعث افزايش ترديد در مورد ساختمان و اوضاع مالي مالکان مي شود.روش مدرنيزاسيون مي تواند به شما کمک کند تا با تجديد کردن ميزان اعتبار مردم به تجهيزات انتقال عمودي شما، از اين معضل رهائي يابيد.

4- هزينه تحميلي ناشي از کار افتادگي

ما اغلب فکر مي کنيم که هزينه هاي از کار افتادگي فقط در محدوده هزينه هاي تعميرات است.با اين وجود در بسياري از ساختمان ها آسانسور نقش مهمي در سطع سرويس و نگهداري بازي مي کند،براي مثال ميزان هزينه ناشي از کار افتادگي آسانسوري که در يک هتل براي سرويس دهي به اتاق ها و خانه داري در نظر گرفته شده است. چه ميزان مي شود؟

وقتي همه چيز همان طوري که بايد کار مي کنند،سرويس دهي هتل مي تواند بي نقص بماند با اين وجودوقتي يک آسانسور از سرويس خارج مي شود لازم است راه ديگري براي تامين امکان حرکت عمودي کارکنان در نظر گرفته شود.که اين استفاده از آسانسورها هاي مربوط به مهمانان و مشتري ها است که بطور منفي بر روي موثر بودن آسانسورهاي تاثير مي گذارد زمان اضافي ممکن است باعث پاسخ دهي به مهمانان خشمگين شود.

5- سود حاصل از احساس مثبت مسافران

تاثير ساختمان شما به طرز مهمي در احساس افراد نسبت به ارزش آن شرکت دارد و همچنين ارزش قدرت احترام براي سکونت در آن ، آسانسورها و پله هاي برقي در ايجاد اين احساس به طرز قابل توجهي سهيم هستند

.يک آسانسور قديمي، پر سر و صدا و شلوغ با تجهيزات قديمي خشن سواري و داراي لوازم و يا کابين هاي دروني فرسوده همه چيز را قديمي جلوه ميدهدو يک احساس نا مناسب بودن محيط را در مسافران بوجود مي آورد.اين مورد مي تواند تاثير عمده اي بر روي جذابيت ساختمان بگذارد و انعکاس منفي از وضعيت مالي مالک و مستاجر را در پي داشته باشد.

وقتي شما به ارزش ساختمان خود مي افزاييد تاثير مثبتي دارد که نشان مي دهد حداقل هاي شما به طرز عمده اي به طرف بالا جابجا شده است.شما مي توانيد به طرز موثري براي جذب مستاجران وارد رقابت شويد.

چشم انداز بالقوه وسيع،در آمد بيشتر از فضاهاي قابل دسترسي و افزايش بهره وري و باروري تمام اينها يک تفاوت قابل توجه در ارزش ساختمان شما ايجاد خواهد کرد.

6- به روز کردن ساختمان- حفظ سابقه

تجارت بسياري از کمپاني ها بر مبناي اطمينان مردم به سابقه و نشان(برند) آنهاست. هر چند سابقه زياد ممکن است در زمينه آن چيزي که پايداري و کارشناسي نامبرده مي شود ارزشمند باشد.ولي در زمينه قديمي بودن وتاريخ گذشته بودن مي تواند تاثير بالعکس داشته باشد.

اين يک حقيقت است که بانکي با سابقه 100 سال مي تواند اطمينان پذيري در امر خدمات رساني اش را القا کند.اما اين احساس در مواردی مثل جابجائي با يک آسانسور پر سر و صدا ، شلوغ و لرزان با يک سيستم کنترل قديمي به ندرت حفظ و تقويت مي شود.آسانسورهاي به روز شده که از فناوري پيشرو استفاده مي کنند مي توانند در بالا بردن ارزش چارچوب کارشناسي سازمان نقش داشته باشند.اين آسانسورها حاکي از يک مديريت موثر هستند و مي تواند مدعي سرزندگي و حيات با نشاط اين نشان(brand) باشد و به بازديد کنندگان اين احساس را القاء مي کنند که شرکت به مساله راحتي و ايمني اهميت مي دهد.

7- اجاره دادن آپارتمان با نرخ جديد

سيستم آسانسور و پله هاي برقي شما به منزله قلب ساختمان شما هستند و به عبارتي هيچ کدام از سيستم هاي ديگر در ساختمان داراي اين مقدار تاثير بر ميزان توانائي شما براي جابجائي افراد به طور موثري در داخل ساختمان شما نيستند.تجهيزات قديمي و منسوخ شده آسانسور و يا پله هاي برقي شما مي تواند ميزان مصرف انرژي ساختمان شما را به طرز غير ضروري و چرخه حيات هزينه ها را افزايش دهند.

راه حل هاي مدرنيزاسيون که به منظور کاهش هزينه های فعاليت، همراه با يک مصرف انرژي معقول طراحي شده است مي تواند نمونه اي از جلوگيري از هدر رفتن انرژي وکاهش چرخه هزينه ها باشند ودر نهايت .به طرز قابل توجهي بر روي خط بنيادي شما تاثير بگذارد به يک آپارتمان مسکوني يک فرصت تازه حيات بدهيد.

8- بهينه سازي مصرف انرژي

يکي از عمده ترين مسائل مربوط به کشور و حق شارژ ساختمان ها ، مسئله مربوط به مصرف انرژي مي باشد.در ايران بيش از 90% آسانسور ها را سيستم معمولي به اصطلاح دو سرعته با حداکثر سرعت 1m/s تشکيل مي دهند که از نظر مصرف انرژي،گزينش اين سيستم محرکه بدترين گزينش ممکن است.خصوصا اين که اين سيستم ها براي جاهاي پر ترافيک نظير بيمارستان ها ، هتل ها و ساختمان هاي اداري يا دولتي انتخاب شده باشند.

امروزه استفاده از سيستم هاي ACVV و VVVF باعث مي شود موتور با تلفات انرژي شيار کم مورد استفاده قرار گيرد.استفاده از سيستم VVVF سبب کاهش قابل ملاحظه حرارت موتور آسانسور در ساختمان پر ترافيک شده و با حذف فن موتور و سيستم خنک کننده برقي موتورخانه، صرفه جوئي غير متسقيم در مصرف انرژي نيز در پي دارد.

همچنين استفاده از موتورهاي بدون گيربکس(گيرلس) گامي ديگري در راستاي کاهش مصرف انرژي مي باشد.اين موتورها به دليل عدم استفاده از روغن،سازگاري با محيط زيست بالائي هم دارند.اين موتور بدليل بازده هاي بسيار بالا داراي برگشت پذير ي بالائي نيز هستند بنابراين با توجه به ماهيت ترمز الکتريکي در اين گونه آسانسورها در مرحله ترمز انرژي ناشي از ترمز به جاي اتلاف به صورت حرارت مجدد به شبکه تزريق مي شود.

خلاصه اينکه چندين طرح جهت بهينه سازي مصرف انرژي در آسانسور وجود دارند که خود بحثي جدا مي طلبد و در اينجا فقط به چند نمونه جزئي اشاره گرديد. تکميل اين بحث مي تواند به صورت يک پروژه ملي مورد مطالعه قرار گيرد.

نتيجه گيري:

يک مدرنيزاسيون جامع،راهي عملي به منظور راحتي و بارور ساختن ساختمان ها مي باشد نصب سيستم هاي جديد مي تواند قابل دسترسي بودن تجهيزات را افزايش دهند و ميزان مصرف انرژي را کاهش مي دهند و همچنين اين سيستم براي تامين سطح استحکام و با نهايت دقت طراحي شده اند.

زمان جابجائي و پاسخ دادن مي تواند در حدود 40% کاهش يابد.صداهاي مزاحم در حد قابل توجهي حذف خواهد شد و کيفيت سواري بهبود خواهد يافت در ادمه سيستم هاي نوسازي شده مي تواند در مصرف انرژي حدود 30% صرفه جوئي کند و ميزان قرار گرفتن در معرض محکوميت را کاهش دهد.

اميد است با حمايت مسوولان ذيربط(رسانه هاي جمعي جهت فرهنگ سازي و ديگر ارگان ها و مسولان جهت اجرائي کردن سيستم) با بازسازي و نوسازي آسانسورهاي کشور پرداخته شود تا علاوه بر زيبائي و راحتي، امنيت جاني مسافران تامين گردد و شاهد حوادث ناگوار و دلخراش آسانسور در کشور نباشيم.

اگر هدف امکان حيات اقتصادي قابل تاثير است،به عنوان نمونه يک نمي آپارتمان داراي 15 تا 30 سال عمر باعث جنجال هاي زيادي مي شود.بسياري از سيستم هاي مکانيکي به اواخر عمر مفيد خود نزديک مي شوندو آنها براي يک استاندارد متفاوت از مصرف انرژي طراحي شده اند،معضلات مربوط به اعتبار موجب افزايش ميزان ناراحتي مي شود و قسمت هاي قرار گرفته هم ممکن است به عنوان معضل مطرح شوند.کنترل لاجيکي منسوخ آسانسور منجر به اتلاف انرزمان جابجائي و نمايش فقر مستاجران مي شودبه عنوان يک نتيجه بودجه ها مانند هزينه هيا جاري غير قابل تحمل پيش بيني نخواهند شد.

يک مدرنيزياسيون جامع،راهي عملي به منظور راحت و بارور ساختن ساختمان ها براي آينده نصب

ميزان مصرف انرژ ي را کاهش دهد و همچنين اين سيستم براي تامين سطع استحکام و دقت طراحي شده اند.

نتيجه حاصل شده يک الگوي خانگي موثر است که مي تواند به طور واقعگرايانه براي دهه متمادي تا هنگامي که يک آزادي براي کاهش زياد همراه فوايد يک فکر دقيق خارج از طرح مدرنيزياسيون فوايد و ملموس فراواني موجودند که مدرنيزياسيون را تاييد مي کنند.زمان جابجائي و پاسخ دادن مي تواند در حدود 40%کاهش يابد صداهاي مزاحم در حد قابل توجهي حذف خواهد شد و کيفيت سواري بهبود خواهد يافت در ادامه سيستم هاي نوسازي شده مي تواند در مصرف انرژي حدود 30%صرفه جوئي کند و ميزان قرار گرفتن در معرض محکوميت را کاهش مي دهند.

تايماز نظمي - کارشناس الکترونیک--لیفتیران

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